Here is a list of my peer-reviewed publications, for an official version please see my University of Edinburgh Research Explorer page or on my google scholar page

2025

Jasso-Flores, I., Smallman, T. L., & Corona-Núñez, R. O. (2025). Precipitation regimes influence differently the biogeochemical cycles of the tropical dry forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 375, Article 110880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110880

Rodríguez-Veiga, P., Carreiras, J. M. B., Quegan, S., Heiskanen, J., Pellikka, P., Adhikari, H., Araza, A., Herold, M., Cartus, O., Smallman, T. L., Williams, M., Nwobi, C. J., Tsutsumida, N., Ryan, C. M., Brade, T., Acil, N., & Balzter, H. (2025). Loss of tropical moist broadleaf forest has turned Africa’s forests from a carbon sink into a source. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 41744, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27462-3

Raoult, N., Douglas, N., MacBean, N., Kolassa, J., Quaife, T., Roberts, A. G., Fisher, R. A., Fer, I., Bacour, C., Dagon, K., Hawkins, L., Carvalhais, N., Cooper, E., Dietze, M., Gentine, P., Kaminski, T., Kennedy, D., Liddy, H. M., Moore, D.,(inc. Smallman, T. L.) … Zobitz, J. (2025). Parameter Estimation in Land Surface Models: Challenges and Opportunities with Data Assimilation and Machine Learning. Journal of Advances in Modelling Earth Systems (JAMES), 17(11), Article e2024MS004733. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004733

Feng, L., Palmer, P. I., Smallman, L., Xiao, J., Cristofanelli, P., Hermansen, O., Lee, J., Labuschagne, C., Montaguti, S., Noe, S. M., Platt, S. M., Ren, X., Steinbacher, M., & Xueref-Remy, I. (2025). The role of the tropical carbon balance in determining the large atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 25(20), 13053-13076. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13053-2025

Worden, M. A., Bilir, T. E., Bloom, A. A., Fang, J., Klinek, L. P., Konings, A. G., Levine, P. A., Milodowski, D. T., Quetin, G. R., Smallman, T. L., Bar‐On, Y. M., Braghiere, R. K., David, C. H., Fischer, N. A., Gentine, P., Green, T. J., Jones, A., Liu, J., Longo, M., … Zhu, S. (2025). Combining Observations and Models: A Review of the CARDAMOM Framework for Data‐Constrained Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling. Global Change Biology, 31(8), Article e70462. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70462

Knorr, W., Williams, M., Thum, T., Kaminski, T., Voßbeck, M., Scholze, M., Quaife, T., Smallmann, L., Steele-Dunne, S., Vreugdenhil, M., Green, T., Zähle, S., Aurela, M., Bouvet, A., Bueechi, E., Dorigo, W., El-Madany, T., Migliavacca, M., Honkanen, M., … Drusch, M. (2025). A comprehensive land surface vegetation model for multi-stream data assimilation, D&B v1.0. Geoscientific Model Development, 18(7), 2137–2159. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2137-2025

Williams, M., Milodowski, D. T., Smallman, T. L., Dexter, K. G., Hegerl, G. C., McNicol, I. M., O’Sullivan, M., Roesch, C. M., Ryan, C. M., Sitch, S., & Valade, A. (2025). Precipitation-fire-functional interactions control biomass stocks and carbon exchanges across the world’s largest savanna. Biogeosciences, 22(6), 1597–1614. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1597-2025

Friedlingstein, P., O’Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R.,(inc. Smallman, T. L.) … Zeng, J. (2025). Global Carbon Budget 2024. Earth System Science Data, 17(3), 965–1039. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025

Thayamkottu, S., Masta, M., Skeeter, J., Pärn, J., Knox, S. H., Smallman, T. L., & Mander, Ü. (2025). Dual controls of vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture on photosynthesis in a restored temperate bog. Science of the Total Environment, 963, Article 178366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178366

2024

Thayamkottu, S., Smallman, T. L., Pärn, J., Mander, Ü., Euskirchen, E. S., & Kane, E. S. (2024). Greening of a boreal rich fen driven by CO2 fertilisation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 359, Article 110261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110261

Hugelius, G., Ramage, J., Burke, E., Chatterjee, A., Smallman, T. L., Aalto, T., Bastos, A., Biasi, C., Canadell, J. G., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Chang, J., Feng, L., Jones, M. W., Kleinen, T., Kuhn, M., Lauerwald, R., Liu, J., … Zheng, B. (2024). Permafrost Region Greenhouse Gas Budgets Suggest a Weak CO2 Sink and CH4 and N2O Sources, But Magnitudes Differ Between Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Methods. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 38(10), Article e2023GB007969. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007969

Rosan, T. M., Sitch, S., O’Sullivan, M., Basso, L. S., Wilson, C., Silva, C., Gloor, E., Fawcett, D., Henrich, V., Souza, J. G., Bezerra, F. G. S., von Randow, C., Mercado, L. M., Gatti, L., Wiltshire, A., Friedlingstein, P., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Williams, M.,(inc. Smallman, T. L.) … Aragao, L. E. O. C. (2024). Synthesis of the land carbon fluxes of the Amazon region between 2010 and 2020. Communications Earth & Environment, 5, Article 46. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01205-0

2023

Friedlingstein, P., O’sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P.,(inc. Smallman, T. L.) … Zheng, B. (2023). Global Carbon Budget 2023. Earth System Science Data, 15(12), 5301-5369. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023

Jones, C. D., Ziehn, T., Anand, J., Bastos, A., Burke, E., Canadell, J. G., Cardoso, M., Ernst, Y., Jain, A. K., Jeong, S., Keller, E. D., Kondo, M., Lauerwald, R., Lin, T., Murray‐tortarolo, G., Nabuurs, G., O’sullivan, M., Poulter, B., Qin, X.,(inc. Smallman, T. L.) … Yun, J. (2023). RECCAP2 Future Component: Consistency and Potential for Regional Assessment to Constrain Global Projections. AGU Advances, 4(6), Article e2023AV001024. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023AV001024

Basso, L. S., Wilson, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Tejada, G., Cassol, H. L. G., Arai, E., Williams, M., Smallman, T. L., Peters, W., Naus, S., Miller, J. B., & Gloor, M. (2023). Atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals the Amazon as a minor carbon source caused by fire emissions, with forest uptake offsetting about half of these emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9685-2023

Williams, M., George, S. P., Smallman, T. L., Manuel Dupuy, J., Hernandez-Stefanoni, J. L., & Milodowski, D. (A2023). Isolating the effects of land use and functional variation on Yucatán’s forest biomass under global change. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 6, 1204596, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1204596

Milodowski, D. T., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2023). Scale variance in the carbon dynamics of fragmented, mixed-use landscapes estimated using model–data fusion. Biogeosciences, 20(15), 3301-3327. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3301-2023

Norton, A. J., Bloom, A. A., Parazoo, N. C., Levine, P. A., Ma, S., Braghiere, R. K., & Smallman, T. L. (2023). Improved process representation of leaf phenology significantly shifts climate sensitivity of ecosystem carbon balance. Biogeosciences, 20(12), 2455-2484. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2455-2023

2022

Myrgiotis, V., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2022). The carbon budget of the managed grasslands of Great Britain - informed by earth observations. Biogeosciences. https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/4147/2022/

Milodowski, D., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2022). Resolving scale-variance in the carbon dynamics of fragmented, mixed-use landscapes estimated using Model-Data Fusion. (Biogeosciences; No. Preprint bg-2022-160). European Geosciences Union. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-160

Levy, P., Clement, R., Cowan, N., Keane, B., Myrgiotis, V., Oijen, M., Smallman, T. L., Toet, S., & Williams, M. (2022). Challenges in Scaling Up Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Experience From the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedbacks Program. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127(5), [e2021JG006743]. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006743

Yang, Y., Bloom, A., Ma, S., Levine, P., Norton, A., Parazoo, N. C., Reager, J. T., Worden, J., Quetin, G. R., Smallman, T. L., Williams, M., Xu, L., & Saatchi, S. (2022). CARDAMOM-FluxVal Version 1.0: a FLUXNET-based Validation System for CARDAMOM Carbon and Water Flux Estimates. Geoscientific Model Development. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1789-2022

Ge, R., He, H., Zhang, L., Ren, X., Williams, M., Yu, G., Smallman, T. L., Zhou, T., Li, P., Xie, Z., Wang, S., Wang, H., Zhou, G., Zhang, Q., Wang, A., Fan, Z., Zhang, Y., Shen, W., Yin, H., & Lin, L. (2022). Climate sensitivities of carbon turnover times in soil and vegetation: understanding their effects on forest carbon sequestration. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, [e2020JG005880]. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005880

Smallman, T. L., Milodowski, D., & Williams, M. (2022). From ecosystem observation to environmental decision-making: model-data fusion as an operational tool. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.818661

2021

Smallman, T. L., Milodowski, D., Sousa Neto, E., Koren, G., Ometto, J., & Williams, M. (2021). Parameter uncertainty dominates C cycle forecast errors over most of Brazil for the 21st Century. Earth System Dynamics, 12, 1191–1237. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2021-17

Caen, A., Smallman, T. L., Anderson de Castro, A., Robertson, E., von Randow, C., Cardoso, M., & Williams, M. (2021). Evaluating two land surface models for Brazil using a full carbon cycle benchmark with uncertainties. Climate Resilience and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1002/cli2.10

Famiglietti, C. A., Smallman, T. L., Levine, P. A., Flack-prain, S., Quetin, G. R., Meyer, V., Parazoo, N. C., Stettz, S. G., Yang, Y., Bonal, D., Bloom, A. A., Williams, M., & Konings, A. G. (2021). Optimal model complexity for terrestrial carbon cycle prediction. Biogeosciences, 18(8), 2727-2754. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2727-2021

Flack‐prain, S., Meir, P., Malhi, Y., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2021). Does Economic Optimisation Explain LAI and Leaf Trait Distributions Across an Amazon Soil Moisture Gradient? Global Change Biology, 27(3), 587-605. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15368

2020

Bloom, A. A., Bowman, K. W., Liu, J., Konings, A. G., Worden, J. R., Parazoo, N. C., Meyer, V., Reager, J. T., Worden, H. M., Jiang, Z., Quetin, G. R., Smallman, T. L., Exbrayat, J-F., Yin, Y., Saatchi, S. S., Williams, M., & Schimel, D. S. (2020). Lagged effects regulate the inter-annual variability of the tropical carbon balance. Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6393-2020

Zhao, Y., Chen, X., Smallman, T. L., Flack-prain, S., Milodowski, D. T., & Williams, M. (2020). Characterizing the Error and Bias of Remotely Sensed LAI Products: An Example for Tropical and Subtropical Evergreen Forests in South China. Remote Sensing, 12(19), 3122. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193122

Myrgiotis, V., Blei, E., Clement, R., Jones, S. K., Keane, B., Lee, M. A., Levy, P. E., Rees, R. M., Skiba, U. M., Smallman, T. L., Toet, S., & Williams, M. (2020). A model-data fusion approach to analyse carbon dynamics in managed grasslands  . Agricultural systems, 184, [102907]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102907

Rodríguez-veiga, P., Carreiras, J., Smallman, T. L., Exbrayat, J., Ndambiri, J., Mutwiri, F., Nyasaka, D., Quegan, S., Williams, M., & Balzter, H. (2020). Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Kenyan Forests and Wooded Grasslands Derived from Earth Observation and Model-Data Fusion. Remote Sensing, 12(15), 2380. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152380

2019

Thomas, R. Q., Williams, M., Cavaleri, M. A., Exbrayat, J-F., Smallman, T. L., & Street, L. (2019). Alternate trait-based leaf respiration schemes evaluated at ecosystem-scale through carbon optimization modeling and canopy property data. Journal of Advances in Modelling Earth Systems (JAMES). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001679

Flack-Prain, S., Meir, P., Malhi, Y., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2019). The Importance of Physiological, Structural and Trait Responses to Drought Stress in Driving Spatial and Temporal Variation in GPP across Amazon Forests. Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4463-2019

Quegan, S., Le Toan, T., Chave, J., Dall, J., Exbrayat, J., Minh, D. H. T., Lomas, M., D’alessandro, M. M., Paillou, P., Papathanassiou, K., Rocca, F., Saatchi, S., Scipal, K., Shugart, H., Smallman, T. L., Soja, M. J., Tebaldini, S., Ulander, L., Villard, L., & Williams, M. (2019). The European Space Agency BIOMASS mission: Measuring forest above-ground biomass from space. Remote Sensing of Environment, 227, 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.03.032

Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2019). Description and validation of an intermediate complexity model for ecosystem photosynthesis and evapotranspiration: ACM-GPP-ETv1. Geoscientific Model Development, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2227-2019

Shiklomanov, A. N., Bradley, B. A., Dahlin, K. M., M Fox, A., Gough, C. M., Hoffman, F. M., M Middleton, E., Serbin, S. P., Smallman, T. L., & Smith, W. K. (2019). Enhancing global change experiments through integration of remote‐sensing techniques. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17(4), 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2031, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2019.17.issue-4

Lansø, A. S., Smallman, T. L., Christensen, J. H., Williams, M., Pilegaard, K., Sørensen, L., & Geels, C. (2019). Simulating the atmospheric CO2 concentration across the heterogeneous landscape of Denmark using a coupled atmosphere–biosphere mesoscale model system. Biogeosciences, 16(7), 1505-1524. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1505-2019

White, E. D., Rigby, M., Lunt, M., Smallman, T. L., Comyn-Platt, E., Manning, A. J., Ganesan, A. L., O’Doherty, S., Stavert, A. R., Stanley, K., Williams, M., Levy, P., Ramonet, M., Forster, G. L., Manning, A. C., & Palmer, P. (2019). Quantifying the UK’s Carbon Dioxide Flux: An atmospheric inverse modelling approach using a regional measurement network. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4345-2019

2018

Ge, R., He, H., Ren, X., Zhang, L., Yu, G., Smallman, T. L., Zhou, T., Yu, S., Luo, Y., Xie, Z., Wang, S., Wang, H., Zhou, G., Zhang, Q., Wang, A., Fan, Z., Zhang, Y., Shen, W., Yin, H., & Lin, L. (2018). Underestimated ecosystem carbon turnover time and sequestration under the steady state assumption: a perspective from long‐term data assimilation. Global Change Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14547

Exbrayat, J., Smallman, T. L., Bloom, A. A., Hutley, L. B., & Williams, M. (2018). Inverse determination of the influence of fire on vegetation carbon turnover in the pantropics. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB005925

Whitney, B. S., Smallman, T. L., Mitchard, E. T., Carson, J. F., Mayle, F. E., & Bunting, M. J. (2018). Constraining pollen-based estimates of forest cover in the Amazon: A simulation approach. The Holocene, 095968361881039. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683618810394

Lopez blanco, E., Lund, M., Christensen, T. R., Tamstorf, M., Smallman, T. L., Slevin, D., Westergaard-Nielsen, A., Hansen, B. U., Abermann, J., & Williams, M. (2018). Plant Traits are Key Determinants in Buffering the Meteorological Sensitivity of Net Carbon Exchanges of Arctic Tundra. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004386

Exbrayat, J-F., Bloom, A. A., Falloon, P., Ito, A., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2018). Reliability Ensemble Averaging of 21st century projections of terrestrial net primary productivity reduces global and regional uncertainties. Earth System Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-153-2018

2017

Smallman, T. L., Exbrayat, J-F., Mencuccini, M., Bloom, A. A., & Williams, M. (2017). Assimilation of repeated woody biomass observations constrains decadal ecosystem carbon cycle uncertainty in aggrading forests. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003520

2015

Clare, A., Gou, Y. Q., Barnes, A., Shackley, S., Smallman, T. L., Wang, W., Jiang, D., & Li, J. (2015). Should China subsidize cofiring to meet its 2020 bioenergy target? A spatio-techno-economic analysis. GCB Bioenergy. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12264

2014

Smallman, T. L., Williams, M., & Moncrieff, J. (2014). Can seasonal and interannual variation in landscape CO2 fluxes be detected by atmospheric observations of CO2 concentrations made at a tall tower? Biogeosciences, 11, 735-747. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-735-2014

2013

Smallman, T. L., Moncrieff, J. B., & Williams, M. (2013). WRFv3.2-SPAv2: development and validation of a coupled ecosystem-atmosphere model, scaling from surface fluxes of CO2 and energy to atmospheric profiles. Geoscientific Model Development, 6(4), 1079-1093. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1079-2013